This is one of the basic points we try to make in first year greek but in the rush to simplify the language sufficiently for a first year student sometimes the subtly of this point is missed.
Aorist passive endings attic greek.
Ancient greek had a set of voice forms that english does not.
The literary greek of athens in the fifth and fourth centuries bc attic.
While both the imperfect and aorist tenses refer to past actions and so are past tenses they differ in aspect.
In traditional grammatical terminology the aorist is a tense a section of the verb paradigm formed with the same stem across all moods by contrast in theoretical linguistics tense refers to a form that specifies a point in time past present or future so the aorist is a tense aspect combination.
When the greek middle voice verb form is used the subject of the verb is seen as acting upon itself or for its own benefit.
Just to be clear i still believe the augment indicates past time.
Present imperfect future aorist the equivalent of past simple perfect pluperfect and future perfect.
As a secondary tense it has augment in the indicative.
The future passive indicative of λυω is.
Before the suffix θε a labial mute π β φ becomes or remains φ as ἐ.
Note that the aorist passive indicative is formed by placing the augment on the stem and adding the aorist passive endings.
Formation of the aorist passive.
The active first person singular ending ends in μι.
The first aorist passive uses the first passive stem formed by adding the tense suffix θε lengthened to θη in the indicative to the verb stem as λυθε λυθη.
Primary middle passive endings i mp athematic5 i mp them indic 6 i mp them fut p7 i mp them subj8.
Ancient greek verbs have four moods indicative imperative subjunctive and optative three voices active middle and passive as well as three persons first second and third and three numbers singular dual and plural.
I haven t gone over to the other camp on this point.
Inserting this ι caused the thematic vowel not to degrade from ο to ε as it does.
To mark the optative mood an ι is inserted between the thematic vowel and the personal ending.
We call these the middle voice.
In the indicative mood there are seven tenses.
The aorist tense always conveys a single discreet action i e.
Memorize the aorist passive indicative forms above.
Nominative and vocative singular of some feminine first declension nouns.
It uses the active secondary endings.
Endings 1 greek finite verb endings person and number distinguishing features 1 sg.
For most verbs the personal endings for optative verbs are thematic secondary endings with one exception.
And yet the aorist is so much more than past time and in fact.
Greek verbs and infinitives can express all three aspects but the most common are.
Allomorphs η ᾱ feminine nominative and vocative singular of adjectives whose masculine and neuter is in the third declension such as βᾰρῠ ς βᾰρεῖᾰ.
